Lee Ji-ho

Blockchain and regulation coverage at CJSOI. Topics include wallets, network infrastructure and the rules governing digital assets.

Latest

Monochrome diagram on how a stablecoin issuer can restrict an account, freeze custodial balances or blocklist an address

Stablecoins · Nov 1

Can Stablecoin Issuers Freeze Funds? USDC and USDT Rules

Issuer controls can block stablecoin transfers, custodial balances or redemption. Here is how USDC and USDT differ.

Diagram showing an issuer, a segregated stablecoin reserve at a custodian, and the holder's redemption claim

stablecoins · Nov 1

Stablecoin Reserve Segregation: Protections and Limits

What reserve segregation protects in a stablecoin insolvency, and why it cannot guarantee liquidity or insurance.

Two columns compare blockchain consensus steps (proposed, justified, finalized) with payment settlement steps (instruction, settled, irrevocable)

blockchain · Oct 31

Blockchain Finality vs Settlement Finality

Why a finalized block and a legally final payment are different states, and how to design for both.

Three-step flow for crypto sanctions screening: a wallet address with its network and asset goes to screening against lists, context and risk signals, then to a review that records evidence and a decision.

sanctions · Oct 30

Crypto Sanctions Screening: Addresses, Alerts and Review

Treat wallet matches as evidence to review, with network context, current lists and a recorded decision.

Monochrome CJSOI diagram of a stablecoin liquidity pool balancing USDC and USDT, with notes on changing balances, fees and depeg risk.

stablecoins · Oct 29

Stablecoin Liquidity Pools: How Swaps and LP Risk Work

How stablecoin liquidity pools price swaps, change an LP's token mix and concentrate depeg risk.

CJSOI diagram showing an ERC-20 token owner granting an allowance to a spender contract through approve, allowance and transferFrom

ERC-20 · Oct 28

ERC-20 Token Allowances: What Stablecoin Users Approve

Understand ERC-20 approvals, unlimited allowances, permit signatures and how to revoke stablecoin access.

Diagram showing a stablecoin sent from Network A to an incompatible Network B address

stablecoins · Oct 27

Stablecoin Sent to the Wrong Network: What Can Be Recovered?

Wrong-network stablecoin transfers may be recoverable only when you or a supporting custodian controls the destination.

GENIUS Act diagram: three types of permitted payment stablecoin issuer, the core rules on reserves, yield, disclosure and redemption, and a timeline from July 18, 2025 to July 18, 2028

GENIUS Act · Oct 24

GENIUS Act Explained: What the US Stablecoin Law Requires

The GENIUS Act limits who may issue a US payment stablecoin and sets reserve, redemption and disclosure rules.

Diagram of Canada's proposed stablecoin regulations: a redemption paid at par within three business days with a fee of no more than 1%, the four eligible reserve asset types held at a Canadian custodian, and a timeline from the October 24, 2026 Gazette notice to the December 23, 2026 comment deadline and fall 2027.

Canada · Oct 24

Canada Publishes Draft Stablecoin Regulations: Three-Day Redemption, 1% Fee Cap

Canada's draft stablecoin rules: redemption within three business days, a 1% fee cap and no yield for holding.

Diagram of Utexo's USDT on Bitcoin route: USDT0 locked on Arbitrum, signer enclaves, USDT minted to an RGB wallet on Bitcoin, with a 0.1% plus 0.5 USDT commission and the October 22, November 28 and Q1 2027 dates

Utexo · Oct 23

USDT on Bitcoin: Utexo Opens Mint Sandbox Before November 28 Launch

Utexo opened a Signet sandbox for its bridged USDT on Bitcoin on October 22; the public launch is set for November 28.

Monochrome USDT on TON transfer diagram showing the official jetton check, TON fee path and destination memo requirement

USDT · Oct 23

USDT on TON: Fees, Jettons and Exchange Memos

Send USDT on TON by verifying the jetton master, matching the deposit network and following any memo requirement.

Diagram of the OCC GENIUS Act final rule timeline: rule issued October 21, 2026, effective January 18, 2027, and a waiver window of up to 12 months, with 30-day completeness and 120-day decision periods for applications.

OCC · Oct 22

OCC Finalizes GENIUS Act Rule for Payment Stablecoin Issuers

The OCC's GENIUS Act final rule takes effect January 18, 2027, with waivers expected for existing U.S. issuers.

Monochrome three-step BEP-20 transfer diagram: token contract and amount, BNB Smart Chain network, and transaction fee paid in BNB.

BEP-20 · Oct 18

BEP-20: BNB Smart Chain Tokens and BNB Gas

BEP-20 tokens run on BNB Smart Chain. Check the contract, BNB gas, network and destination before sending.

Canada's Stablecoin Act: four issuer rules and a timeline from Budget 2025 and Royal Assent on March 26, 2026 to draft regulations and expected entry into force in 2027

Canada · Oct 13

Canada's Stablecoin Act: How the Bank of Canada Will Regulate Issuers

Canada's Stablecoin Act puts non-bank issuers under the Bank of Canada: registration, a full reserve, redemption at par and no interest. Most of it is expected in force in 2027.

Ethereum stablecoin transfer receipt showing gas used, gas price and ETH as the fee asset

Ethereum · Oct 13

Ethereum Gas Fees for USDT and USDC Transfers

Ethereum gas fees for USDT and USDC are paid in ETH. See the fee formula, gas limits and failed transfers.

Four requirements of Hong Kong's stablecoin issuer license: HK$25 million paid-up capital, segregated reserves of at least par value, redemption at par within one business day, and the HKMA register listing licenses FRS01 and FRS02.

Hong Kong · Oct 10

Hong Kong Stablecoin License: How the HKMA Regime Works

Who needs an HKMA stablecoin license, what it requires on capital, reserves and redemption, and which issuers hold one.

ERC20 transfer checks: network, token contract and recipient destination.

ERC-20 · Oct 8

ERC20: USDT and USDC on Ethereum Explained

ERC20 defines token functions. For USDT or USDC, verify the network, issuer contract and recipient before sending.

Diagram of ESMA's October 8, 2026 opinion on non-MiCA stablecoins: the crypto-asset services MiCA-licensed firms should stop for EU clients, from trading platforms to custody and transfers, and the wind-down limited to selling, converting, transferring or withdrawing within three months.

ESMA · Oct 8

ESMA Tells MiCA-Licensed Firms to Stop Services in Non-MiCA Stablecoins

ESMA's opinion covers every MiCA service, including custody and transfers, and gives regulators three months to clear remaining client holdings.

Three-step diagram of a CCTP transfer to Sui: USDC burned on the source chain, the burn attested by Circle, native USDC minted on Sui

Circle · Oct 8

Circle CCTP Goes Live on Sui for Native USDC Transfers

Circle added Sui as CCTP domain 8 on October 8, so native USDC can be burned on one network and minted on Sui, weeks before the old V1 protocol is switched off.