CJSOI

Stablecoins, Banking & Blockchain

Explainers & Analysis: Settlement

Flow diagram: a customer's USDC deposit passes through a liquidation address and arrives as USD in the customer account, followed by a treasury transfer
Stablecoins ·

Stablecoin-to-USD Settlement: From Deposit to Treasury

How a USDC liquidation address, customer account and treasury transfer form a stablecoin-to-USD settlement flow.

Two columns compare blockchain consensus steps (proposed, justified, finalized) with payment settlement steps (instruction, settled, irrevocable)
blockchain ·

Blockchain Finality vs Settlement Finality

Why a finalized block and a legally final payment are different states, and how to design for both.

Black-and-white timeline of a settlement account balance: a payment of 500 at 09:30 pushes it below zero, the gap is bridged by intraday credit, and a receipt of 600 at 11:00 leaves it at +100 by the close.
banking ·

Intraday Liquidity: How Banks Fund the Payment Day

Why a bank can be liquid at day-end but still need funds before a payment deadline.

Diagram comparing gross and net settlement: on the left, banks A and B exchange two separate payments; on the right, the obligations are offset into one net position from A to B.
payments ·

Gross vs Net Settlement: How Payment Systems Move Money

Gross settlement moves each payment; net settlement offsets obligations before money moves.

Fedwire gross settlement and CHIPS netting paths compared
Fedwire ·

Fedwire vs CHIPS: How High-Value Dollar Payments Settle

Fedwire settles payments one by one; CHIPS uses liquidity-saving netting. Here is what that changes in practice.

Diagram of a stablecoin FX trade: the taker's USDC and the maker's EURC both go into an escrow smart contract on Arc, which releases both legs together, with settlement windows of 30 minutes, one hour or one day depending on the tenor.
Markets ·

Stablecoin FX: How a USDC-to-EURC Trade Settles Onchain

Onchain FX keeps the market price but changes settlement: an escrow contract releases both stablecoins together, or neither.

Payment versus payment links the final transfers of two currencies; funding and replacement risks remain.
Payments ·

Payment Versus Payment: What PvP Removes from an FX Trade

Conditional currency settlement reduces principal risk. It still leaves funding, replacement and operational questions.

Correspondent banking roles: respondent, deposit-holding correspondent and settlement arrangements.
Banking ·

Correspondent Banking: How Banks Use Other Banks to Pay

The accounts and bank relationships behind cross-border settlement, and the risks a payment message cannot remove.

An invoice progressing to received, matched and settled
Payments ·

Paying Suppliers in Stablecoins: Invoice to Settlement

Agree the asset, network and final amount before treating a wallet transfer as a paid invoice.

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